Surgeries performed in the womb are not limited to Spina Bifida. Other techniques are classified as fetal interventions. Today, fetal intervention methods have been described for conditions such as bladder and kidney enlargement caused by urinary tract obstructions, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (where the intestines are located in the chest cavity due to the absence of respiratory muscles), twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (a disorder adversely affecting the health of twin babies), certain tumors, and fluid accumulation in the chest cavity of the fetus.

Thanks to these early interventions, babies with congenital conditions that carry high risks, which might otherwise be considered unviable, can be saved.